资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
公费师范毕业生“全部落实岗位”意味着什么****** 如何做好2023届教育部直属师范大学公费师范毕业生就业工作?近日,教育部发布通知指出,各省级教育行政部门要持续组织公费师范生专场招聘活动,通过优先利用空编接收等办法,保障符合就业条件的公费师范生有编有岗,全部落实任教学校,严禁“有编不补”。2023年5月底前,确保90%的公费师范生通过双向选择落实任教学校。 “全部落实岗位”,教育部通知中的这句表述,让人眼前一亮。这是公开承诺,也是主动加压。受疫情冲击等因素影响,高校毕业生就业确实面临较大压力,以至于常听到有人感叹遭遇“最难就业季”。在这一背景下,教育部直属师范大学公费师范毕业生能够获得特别关注,体现了国家对师范教育的重视。 也许有人会问:2023年5月底前,确保90%的公费师范生通过双向选择落实任教学校,那剩下的10%怎么办?其实,相关通知说得很清楚,2023年6月底仍未签约的公费师范生,其档案、户口等迁转至生源所在地省级教育行政部门,由各省级教育行政部门会同有关部门统筹安排到师资紧缺地区的中小学校任教,公费师范生离校前须全部落实任教学校。换言之,他们的就业同样有出路,每个人都会找到用武之地。 稍加回顾可知,做好公费师范毕业生就业工作并非偶一为之,也不是今年独有的制度设计,而是已经实施多年的制度安排。早在2018年,《国务院办公厅关于转发教育部等部门教育部直属师范大学师范生公费教育实施办法的通知》就指出,各地要加强组织领导和制度保障,按照建立“动态调整、周转使用”的事业编制省内统筹调剂使用制度有关要求,通过优先利用空编接收等办法,在现有事业编制总量内,妥善解决公费师范生到中小学任教所需编制。 此后几年,相关部门连续发布通知,要求做好公费师范毕业生就业工作,贯穿其中的主题始终是善待公费师范毕业生。 善待公费师范毕业生,就是善待基层教育。据介绍,这些公费师范生,来自6所教育部直属师范大学。按照协议,他们毕业后一般回生源所在省份的中小学任教。此外,“到城镇学校工作的公费师范生,应到农村义务教育学校任教服务至少1年。”这意味着他们中的相当一部分要到基层去。身为受到良好师范教育的部属师范大学毕业生,他们将所学所知融入基层教育中,带来的积极意义不言自明。 基层教育最缺什么?有业内人士坦言,最缺的是优秀教师。努力让每个孩子享有受教育的机会,特别是让乡村孩子享有更公平的教育,他们才能更好获得发展自身、奉献社会的能力。而对于那些富有才华的公费师范毕业生来说,他们带着责任扎根基层,将知识传授给乡村孩子,不仅能够照亮孩子的前程,还能为基层教育生态持续注入活力,从而形成良性循环。 此外,国家善待公费师范毕业生,安排他们就业并保证入编入岗,还能增强师范生就读师范、毕业后当老师的自豪感和认同感,进一步激发师范生作为国家公费培养教师的使命感和荣誉感,从而激励更多青年才俊献身师范教育。 当然,善待公费师范毕业生,不仅体现在就业“兜底”,还体现在待遇落实等方面。比如,要着力为公费师范生到农村任教提供办公场所、周转宿舍等必要的工作生活条件;再比如,可以把公费师范生履约任教后的在职培训纳入国培计划、省培计划。如此种种,既有利于他们进一步成长,也有利于他们获得应有的职业尊严。 教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,让更多优秀教师“下得去、留得住、教得好”,让基层成为免费师范毕业生施展才华的宽广舞台,则教育公平更可期。 王石川 来源:中国青年报 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |