大美中国色,绽放穿越千年的文化自信******
兔年第一声惊叹,属于春晚节目《满庭芳·国色》带火的“色彩新潮流”
大美中国色,绽放穿越千年的文化自信
梅红、鞠衣、麹尘、缃叶、菡萏、纁黄、伽罗、月白、天缥、青骊、岱赭、凝夜紫、远山黛……舞为语,曲为韵,优雅演绎一众中国传统颜色的东方意趣,连日来,亮相兔年央视春晚的创意类节目《满庭芳·国色》凭借耐人寻味之美霸榜热搜、刷屏网络。“中华颜色一眼万年,惊艳岁月”“老祖宗的配色,绝了”“属于中国人的浪漫”……大众对于中国传统色彩的钟爱,从网友们的真情留言中可窥一二。
气韵雅致的中国古色,是中华传统文化特有的语汇。它们远不止于色彩,更承载着中国人看待世界的方式,背后蕴藏着中华民族流传千年的审美基因和经典智慧。也因而,随《满庭芳·国色》而“出圈”的大美中国色,点燃的不仅仅是时下的“色彩新潮流”,更有由悠远、深厚中华传统文化底蕴作为有力支撑的文化自信。
从圈粉的“延禧色系”到热搜的“宫墙红”,中国色无声释放传统文化魅力
中国色的“出圈”,近年来其实有迹可循,《满庭芳·国色》只是集大成的一次爆点。周杰伦流行歌曲《青花瓷》里唱出的一句“天青色等烟雨”,令多少人醉心于如诗如画又神秘非常的雨过天青色。爆款电视剧《延禧攻略》带火的“延禧色系”温柔又高级,那正是浓淡皆宜、美得让人挪不开眼的一整套中国传统色系。在全国多地巡演上百场的舞剧《只此青绿》,用千古名画《千里江山图》中那抹独特的青绿色,唤醒了中国人的审美体验。
大众对于中国色的追捧,甚至跨越千年,对接时下的日常生活。频频卖断货的国风口红,其郎窖红、胭脂红、美人霁等色号的灵感,无不来自中国色。修图App中备受年轻人青睐的“中国潮色”滤镜,离不开众多中国传统色彩贡献的智慧。兔年新春,“小红书”上热搜的去处,很多都指向雍容大气、年味满满的宫墙红,北京的故宫、杭州的德寿宫、上海的广富林、成都的武侯祠等皆如是。
在上海大学上海美术学院副教授胡建君看来,传统文化复兴的时代正在到来。“一方面,一批高质量影视文艺作品、文博艺术展览发挥着重要的引导作用,它们无不塑造了以国色为基调的安宁典雅、蕴藉丰厚的审美,润物细无声地释放着传统文化的魅力。另一方面,身处快时代,越来越多善于内省的人们由衷感知到,历经岁月积淀的才是高级的,直入人心的。”
审美基因背后深厚的文化内涵超越了色彩,成为中国色最耐人寻味之处
追捧中国色时,我们应当追捧的究竟是什么?
单从视觉上看,众多中国色都能在国际通用的潘通色卡里找到对应的参数。胡建君指出,中国色的独特性其实更在于色彩观念承载的文化内涵。只有置身于文化史上,中国色彩艺术方能获得完整的意义。原来,有别于西方三原色的分类法,中国古色遵循的是“五色观”。这种色彩观念结合“阴阳五行说”等要素逐渐整合发展而来,并非独立静观的存在,可对应天地、阴阳、方位、季节、声音,亦牵系五脏、五味、五气,关乎内心的声色与动静。小到个人生活习惯与喜好,大到国家典礼仪式,古人都提倡在不同时节用不同颜色来顺应天地万物之气象。
“中国色”网站收录的中国色多达526种,丰富程度远远超出人们的想象。其中很多颜色颇为微妙,呈现出含蓄而清雅的高级感,妥妥拿捏了中国人特有的浪漫。文化学者郭浩、李健明在《中国传统色:故宫里的色彩美学》一书中揭秘了384种中国古色的由来。例如,“苍筤”是春天竹子出生时的青绿,“月白”是月光洒下的一片青白,“窃蓝”是立秋之起色、秋天晴空的一点蓝,“海天霞”是海霞灿烂里云朵和天空被染上的那层浅红。由此可见,中国色均从天地万物的造化中衍生而来,让人不禁佩服古人的感知力与想象力。
古往今来,中国色也从流转的自然定格在器物、绘画和建筑中,让更多的人得以捕捉这样的美感。中国陶瓷的众多颜色就大有讲究,包含文学、美学、哲学等诸多意义,对此,马未都在《瓷之色》一书中有过详述。像是声名远播的永乐甜白釉,妙在一个“甜”字。这完全是一种主观感觉,减去一切可能影响呈色的杂质,在景德镇洁白如玉的高岭土上施以透明釉,让白里透白。盛唐最神秘的瑰宝——秘色瓷,是唐朝皇亲贵戚专用瓷器,如美人罩上面纱,其工艺至今是谜。从法门寺地宫出土的14件秘色瓷中,就有“巧剜明月染春水,轻旋薄冰盛绿云”的秘色之青。而中国传统绘画的色彩奥秘,早在初版于1959年的专著《中国画颜色的研究》中,近现代工笔画名家于非闇就曾一一拆解。他指出,中国古代画家不但善于运用色彩,而且运用他们的智慧,使颜料抓紧绢帛,经过多少年的舒卷仍不脱不落。如是才有了宋徽宗《芙蓉锦鸡图》中浅红色芙蓉花与五色绚烂锦鸡的相映成趣,以及王希孟用大青大绿两面着色、染天染水成就的《千里江山图》。
来自生活的大美中国色穿越千年,依然魅力独具,业内期待,“出圈”之后的它能更好地装点今天的美好生活。(本报记者 范昕)
(来源:文汇报 2023年1月30日 第5版)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |