资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
我国数字经济发展进入数据驱动新阶段****** 1月4日,中国信息通信研究院在“第五届数据资产管理大会”发布的《大数据白皮书》(以下简称《白皮书》)显示,我国大数据技术产业整体水平大幅提升,已形成数据存储与计算、数据管理、数据流通、数据应用、数据安全五大核心领域。 从《白皮书》披露的数据看,我国大数据发展环境持续向好,创新能力不断增强,生态体系持续优化,市场前景广受认可。 从创新能力看,2021年我国发表大数据领域论文量占全球31%,大数据相关专利受理总数占全球超50%,均位居第一;从生态体系看,2021年我国大数据市场主体总量超18万家,形成了大企业引领、中小企业协同、创新企业不断涌现的发展格局;从市场前景看,2021年我国大数据相关企业获投总金额超过800亿元,创历史新高。 “2022年,我国在政策、人才、资金等方面持续加码,为大数据后续发展注入强劲动力。”中国信息通信研究院院长余晓晖特别指出,《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》(以下简称《数据二十条》)的印发,是我国探索数据要素价值释放、做强做优做大数字经济迈出重要一步。 尽管我国数据生产要素制度建设再获关键政策支撑,但未来发展,还要看大数据技术产业,即五大核心领域如何应对挑战。 针对《白皮书》罗列的各项挑战,中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所所长何宝宏以数据流通领域为例指出,数据流通技术提供了“数据可用不可见”“数据可控可计量”的数据服务新范式,数据流通市场逐渐从“以数据产品为主”向市场驱动的“以数据需求为主”转变,挑战也越发凸显,比如,数据权属界定的场景与问题复杂,对参与数据流通的主体权利关系,理论、制度和产业实践层面均尚未形成共识;数据的估值定价尚缺乏科学、标准的评价方法;数据流通的准入、竞争等行为约束没有清晰的法律界定,配套规则不完善;隐私计算等数据流通关键技术应用不成熟。 谈及被列为首位挑战的数据权属界定,北京大成律师事务所合伙人张建民说:“从土地到石油,生产要素的产权界定是牵一发而动全身的大事,数据确权也是数据基础制度体系最为核心的问题,是数据要素市场化的逻辑起点和法律前提。《数据二十条》将弥合此前关于数据确权的各种分歧,引导各方将力量集中到更为细致的制度研究和设计上。” 数据流通的重要前提是数据开放,它所带来的安全挑战来自何处首先需要廓清,《白皮书》给予明确:数据安全责任体系构建尚不成熟,数据安全的主体责任边界模糊;具体业务场景下的技术落地仍然缺乏实践指引,数据安全管理与技术易脱钩;传统网络安全防护思路与措施无法满足当下的数据安全防护需求。 “对数据开放中的安全性、合规性、权益分配等方面的考量,在一定程度上阻碍了数据的互联互通与价值实现,市场因而呈现‘数据需要开放,却又难以开放’的困境。”中国电子数据治理工程指挥部技术部主任国丽认为,解决这一矛盾需要扎实的安全技术支撑,需建立覆盖产权、流通、分配、治理的一体化的数据安全与数据要素化工程体系。 以《数据二十条》出台为标志,我国数字经济发展从技术引领进入到数据驱动的新阶段,中国电子信息行业联合会秘书长高素梅强调,目前我国数据管理的水平仍然处于初步发展阶段,数据管理的科学性、规范性、实用性仍然影响数据要素市场的进一步培育与开拓。(刘艳) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |